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Mach Angle Formula:
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The Mach angle is the angle between the direction of motion of a supersonic object and the Mach wave (shock wave) it creates. It is a fundamental concept in aerodynamics and supersonic flow theory.
The calculator uses the Mach angle formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula shows that as Mach number increases, the Mach angle decreases, creating a narrower cone of shock waves behind the supersonic object.
Details: Mach angle calculation is crucial for designing supersonic aircraft, understanding shock wave patterns, predicting sonic boom characteristics, and analyzing high-speed aerodynamic phenomena.
Tips: Enter Mach number (must be greater than 1 for supersonic flow). The calculator will compute the corresponding Mach angle in degrees.
Q1: Why must Mach number be greater than 1?
A: Mach angle only exists for supersonic flow (Mach > 1). For subsonic flow (Mach < 1), the concept of Mach angle doesn't apply as no shock waves form.
Q2: What are typical Mach angle values?
A: Mach angle ranges from 90° (at Mach 1) approaching 0° as Mach number approaches infinity. At Mach 2, the angle is about 30°; at Mach 5, about 11.5°.
Q3: How is Mach angle used in aircraft design?
A: Engineers use Mach angle to design aircraft shapes that minimize drag, predict shock wave interactions, and optimize performance at supersonic speeds.
Q4: Does Mach angle depend on altitude?
A: Indirectly, as the speed of sound varies with temperature (which changes with altitude), but the fundamental relationship remains Mach angle = arcsin(1/M).
Q5: Can this calculator be used for any fluid?
A: Yes, the formula applies to any fluid medium (air, water, etc.) as long as the Mach number is defined relative to the speed of sound in that medium.